Ships should use traffic routes designed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and avoid designated no-go zones.

To avoid ship strikes, vessels should slow down when they encounter pods of large, slow-moving whales.

Slower ship speeds can also reduce emissions and lessen underwater noise.

A variety of other ship design considerations, maintenance practices, policy solutions and economic incentives can decrease underwater noise and its impacts.

Routing measures and no-go zones help reduce underwater noise, improving ecological integrity and resilience of species.

Urge the IMO to adopt a plan that will quickly and dramatically eliminate emissions from global shipping.

In the short-term, implement proven measures such as “slow steaming.” Slowing vessels by just 20% can cut carbon dioxide emissions by one third and – with modified engines — reduce black carbon emissions by 15%.

In the long term, switch to alternative, renewable fuels to power vessels.

Strengthen international laws to restrict greywater discharges.

Establish “no-discharge” zones in sensitive marine areas.

Require vessels to store sewage and greywater onboard while traveling in the Arctic and offload it only in ports.